Empowering cancer prevention with AI: unlocking new frontiers in prediction, diagnosis, and intervention

Empowering cancer prevention with AI: unlocking new frontiers in prediction, diagnosis, and intervention

viernes, diciembre 13, 2024

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence is rapidly changing our world at an exponential rate and its transformative power has extensively reached important sectors like healthcare. In the fight against cancer, AI proved to be a novel and powerful tool, offering new hope for prevention and early detection. In this review, we will comprehensively explore the medical applications of AI, including early cancer detection through pathological and imaging analysis, risk stratification, patient triage, and the development of personalized prevention approaches. However, despite the successful impact AI has contributed to, we will also discuss the myriad of challenges that we have faced so far toward optimal AI implementation. There are problems when it comes to the best way in which we can use AI systemically. Having the correct data that can be understood easily must remain one of the most significant concerns in all its uses including sharing information. Another challenge that exists is how to interpret AI models because they are too complicated for people to follow through examples used in their developments which may affect trust, especially among medical professionals. Other considerations like data privacy, algorithm bias, and equitable access to AI tools have also arisen. Finally, we will evaluate possible future directions for this promising field that highlight AI's capacity to transform preventative cancer care.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Cancer Causes & Control

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Revisión sistemática 

IDIOMA

Inglés 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD  

 Luis M. Acuña-Chavez

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components according to altitude levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components according to altitude levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis

lunes, noviembre 11, 2024

ABSTRACT

Metabolic syndrome has a multifactorial origin; however, epidemiological data correspond to populations located at sea level. It has been reported that the altitude can affected the prevalence due to physiological changes. The aim of this study is to show the global prevalence of metabolic syndrome at altitude and its components. We use four databases, all studies published up to November 2023. The prevalences from studies were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. To assess sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were performed. We included 28 studies. The number of participants was 29 195. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30.3% (95% CI 22.8–38.4%). According to the altitude level, at 1500–2500 was 36.5%, 2500–3500 (21.8%), and > 3500 (30.9%), also it was higher in women (35.5%) that men (26.8%). It was observed that there is an inverse relationship between higher altitude and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Among its components, abdominal obesity and low HDL were present in more than 40.0%, while high blood pressure, high triglycerides and impaired glucose were present in less than 30.0%. We recommend that our results be considered for future research in populations living at altitude since they have different characteristics from populations at sea level.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Scientific Reports 

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

IDIOMA

Inglés 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

 Enrique A Hernandez-Bustamante

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Survival Analysis, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Cerebral Metastases in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Survival Analysis, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Cerebral Metastases in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

lunes, septiembre 02, 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. While liver metastasis is common, brain metastasis (BM) is rare, occurring in 0.1% to 14% of cases. Risk factors for BM include lung metastasis at diagnosis, rectal cancer, and mutations in RAS and KRAS genes. Due to its rarity, guidelines for BM screening and treatment are limited. The aim of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics and predictors of BM at the time of the initial diagnosis of CRC. Methods: We evaluated patients ≥18 years old with metastatic colorectal cancer and brain metastases at diagnosis from the SEER database (2010–2021). A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze overall survival and predictive factors for brain metastasis, utilizing multivariate logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards models, with p-values < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Out of 24,703 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), 228 (0.92%) had brain metastasis (BM) at diagnosis. BM was more prevalent in average-onset mCRC (≥50 years) compared to early-onset (<50 years) (1% vs. 0.55%, p = 0.004). Certain factors, such as older age and adenocarcinoma subtype, were associated with BM. Additionally, Asians/Pacific-Islanders (HR 1.83 CI: 1.01-3-33, p = 0.045) and American Indians/Alaska Natives (HR 4.79 CI 1.15–19.97, p = 0.032) had higher mortality rates, while surgical treatment and chemotherapy were linked to decreased mortality. Patients with BM had significantly worse overall survival (6 months vs. 21 months, p < 0.001). Conclusion: BM in mCRC is uncommon, but it is associated with significantly worse outcomes, including markedly reduced overall survival. Our study highlights several critical factors associated with the presence of BM, such as older age and specific racial/ethnic groups, which may inform risk stratification and early-detection strategies. Our findings emphasize the need for heightened awareness and screening for BM in high-risk mCRC patients, as well as the inclusion of these patients in clinical trials to explore tailored therapeutic approaches aimed at improving survival and quality of life.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Medical Sciences

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Análisis secundario

IDIOMA

Inglés 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

Jerry K. Benites-Meza

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Atherogenic markers and 1-year amputation risk in adults with diabetic foot in a tertiary level hospital: A retrospective cohort study

Atherogenic markers and 1-year amputation risk in adults with diabetic foot in a tertiary level hospital: A retrospective cohort study

domingo, septiembre 01, 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim To determine the association between atherogenic markers, such as total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C), triglycerides/HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-C), and triglycerides-glucose index (TyG), and the risk of 1-year amputation in adults with diabetic foot in a tertiary level hospital. Methods Retrospective cohort study conducted in 162 adult patients with diabetic foot. The outcome was amputation, defined as “primary amputation in patients' clinical history after their first hospitalization due to foot ulcer.”. The cutoff point was determined using Youden's J statistic. The relative risk (RR) was presented as an association measure. Results A TyG index of >9.4 [RR: 1.64 (1.10–2.45)] was associated with a high risk of amputation after 1-year in adults with diabetic foot. However, while a TC/HDL ratio of >4.69 [RR: 1.38 (0.94–2.03)] and a TG/HDL-C ratio > 3.57 [RR: 1.35 (0.89–2.06)] did not show associations with risk of amputation after 1-year. Conclusions Only a TyG index of >9.4 was associated with an increased risk of 1-year amputation in adults with diabetic foot. Future studies with larger samples and a longitudinal design may provide more robust evidence and a better understanding of clinical implications.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Cohorte retrospectivo

IDIOMA

Inglés 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

Jerry K. Benites-Meza, Jussara Malo-Castillo

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Asprosin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Asprosin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

domingo, julio 07, 2024

ABSTRACT

Background & aims: Asprosin is a promising candidate for novel treatments for metabolic-endocrine disorders. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to consolidate the existing evidence regarding asprosin levels in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and obesity. Methods: Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Ovid/Medline, and Web of Science were systematically searched without restrictions. We only used the standardized mean differences (SMD) with their 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) as the effect measure. A random-effects model (DerSimonian and Laird method) was used for the meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: Twenty-six studies (n = 3,787) were included in the meta-analysis. Participants with T2D had higher asprosin values than those without T2D (SMD: 1.64; 95 % CI: 1.08-2.21; I2 = 97 %). Patients with MetS had higher asprosin levels compared to those without MetS (SMD: 0.99; 95 % CI: 0.34-1.64; I2 = 96 %). Patients with obesity had higher asprosin levels than participants without obesity (SMD: 1.49; 95 % CI: 0.23-2.76; I2 = 98 %). Conclusions: Asprosin is significantly higher in patients with either T2D, MetS, or obesity, compared with controls. Keywords: Asprosin; Diabetes mellitus; Metabolic diseases; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

IDIOMA

Inglés 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

Enrique A. Hernandez-Bustamante

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Autopercepción de un método enseñanza clínica y satisfacción del estudiante de medicina de una universidad pública

Autopercepción de un método enseñanza clínica y satisfacción del estudiante de medicina de una universidad pública

domingo, junio 30, 2024

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la auto percepción del método SNAPPS y el nivel de satisfacción del estudiante de medicina de una universidad pública de Trujillo 2020 - 2021. Métodos: el trabajo descriptivo, correlacional de corte transversal, retrospectivo evaluó a 190 alumnos matriculados en los años 2020 y 2021 en el 5to año de medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo en modalidad virtual y que respondieron una encuesta mediante un formulario virtual. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 24.42 años (21-42 años). El 59.5% fueron de sexo masculino, y en su mayoría fueron hombres con el 59.5%. La dimensión del mayor nivel en la auto percepción del método SNAPPS fue en competencias, colaboración y acompañamiento virtual y recursos. Con respecto a la dimensión de satisfacción del estudiante fue media en docencia, expectativas del estudiante y calidad de la institución. Al relacionar ambas variables encontramos una fuerte asociación en las mismas. Conclusión: Existe un alto nivel de satisfacción del estudiante de medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo con relación en la auto percepción del método SNAPPS.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Revista Médica de Trujillo 

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Observacional descriptivo transversal

IDIOMA

Español 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

Fabrizio Martín García-Gutiérrez

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Asociación entre madres adolescentes e infecciones agudas en menores de cinco años en el Perú 2015-2019

Asociación entre madres adolescentes e infecciones agudas en menores de cinco años en el Perú 2015-2019

jueves, junio 13, 2024

ABSTRACT

Objetivos:  evaluar la asociación entre la edad materna y la presencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRAs) y enfermedades diarreicas agudas (EDAs) en niños peruanos menores de cinco años.

Métodos:  análisis secundario de la base de datos de la “Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar” de 2015 y 2019. Se analizaron datos de niños menores de cinco años y sus madres en edad reproductiva que viven en el mismo hogar. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión de Poisson para calcular razones de prevalencia ajustadas (RPa) con sus intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) para evaluar la asociación entre el grupo de edad de las madres y la presencia de IRAs y EDAs en sus hijos.

Resultados:  se analizaron 84,671 datos madre/hijo. En el modelo de regresión ajustado, ser madre joven (RPa= 1,18; IC95%= 1,11-1,25; p<0,001) o adolescente (RPa= 1,11; IC95%= 1,01-1,22; p=0,045) se asoció con una mayor prevalencia de IRAs en sus hijos. Además, ser madre joven (RPa= 1,18; IC95%= 1,11-1,25; p<0,001) o adolescente RPa= 1,22; IC95%= 1,10-1,35; p<0,001 también se asoció con una mayor prevalencia de EDAs en sus hijos.

Conclusiones:  la edad de las madres se asoció con la prevalencia de IRAs y EDAs en niños peruanos menores de cinco años, siendo las madres adolescentes y jóvenes las que presentaron mayor probabilidad de IRAs y EDAs.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Revista Brasileira de Saude Materno Infantil

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Análisis secundario

IDIOMA

Español

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

Jerry K. Benites-Meza

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Serological and molecular detection of dengue virus in animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Serological and molecular detection of dengue virus in animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis

sábado, junio 01, 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Dengue is a vector-borne disease, especially important in tropical and subtropical areas. The f irst presentation of many arboviral diseases occurred mainly in animals, including multiple Alphaviruses and Flaviviruses, such as dengue. Objective: To determine the serological and molecular frequency of the dengue virus in animals. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out in five databases for the proportion of animals infected with dengue, defined by molecular and serological tests. A meta-analysis was performed using a randomeffects model to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Cochran?s Q test and the I2 statistic were used to assess the heterogeneity between the two studies. Results: The presence of dengue in bats, primates, birds, sheep, horses, cattle, pigs, rodents and buffaloes, according to serological methods, had a prevalence of 10%, 29%, 8%, 1%, 11%, 0%, 49%, 2%, 7%, respectively. According to molecular methods, the presence of dengue in bats had a seroprevalence of 6.0%. Conclusion: The present study confirms the presence of the Dengue virus in a large group of animal species, with potential implications as possible reservoirs of this virus, raising the possibility of zoonotic transmission. Keywords: Animals, dengue, virus, zoonosis, systematic review, and meta-analysis.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Le Infezioni in Medicina

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

IDIOMA

Inglés 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

Enrique A. Hernandez-Bustamante

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Factors associated with Peruvian LGBTI people’s knowledge of organizations that defend their human rights

Factors associated with Peruvian LGBTI people’s knowledge of organizations that defend their human rights

domingo, mayo 26, 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:   We aimed determine the frequency of Peruvian Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex (LGBTI) people who don’t know organizations that defend their rights and the factors associated with the probability of knowing them. 

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the virtual survey for LGBTI people in 2017. The outcome was the lack of knowledge of organizations that defend the rights of LGBTI people. The independent variables were sociodemographic, medical history and sexual characteristics. We calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios using generalized linear models. Findings: We analyzed 9741 responses. The frequency of lack knowledge organizations that defend the rights of LGBTI people was 66.9%. The age, being afraid to express their sexual orientation and/or gender identity, having a family member know what an LGBTI person is, health insurance, history of anxiety and/or depression and qualifying as regular progress in the recognition of the human rights of LGBTI people were associated with a higher probability of knowing organizations that defend the rights of LGBTI people. Conclusion: A large percent of your population might be experiencing human rights violations and are not aware that there are services, organizations, and supportive groups available to protect them.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA:

Taylor & Francis

BASE DE DATOS A LA CUAL PERTENECE:

Scopus y PubMed

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO:

Estudio observacional analítico transversal de tipo análisis secundario

IDIOMA:

Inglés 

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Association of vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine with COVID-19 severity and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Association of vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine with COVID-19 severity and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

lunes, mayo 20, 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective: We aimed to review the available evidence on the association between vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels with worse outcomes among COVID-19 patients. Methods: The search was carried out in ten databases simultaneously run on 10 May 2023, without language restrictions. We included cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies. The random-effects meta-analysis was performed using the Sidik-Jonkman method and corrected 95% confidence intervals using the truncated Knapp-Hartung standard errors. Standardized mean difference and 95% CI was used as the measure effect size. Results: Thirteen articles were included in this review (n = 2134). Patients with COVID-19 who did not survive had the highest serum vitamin B12 values (SMD: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.31-1.78; p = 0.01, I2 = 91.22%). In contrast, low serum folate values were associated with patients with severe COVID-19 (SMD: -0.77; 95% CI: -1.35 to -0.19; p = 0.02, I2 = 59.09%). The remaining tested differences did not yield significant results. Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of vitamin B12 were associated with higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. Severe cases of COVID-19 were associated with low serum folate levels. Future studies should incorporate a larger sample size. Keywords: COVID-19; Vitamin B12; folate; homocysteine; mortality; severity.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

SAGE Open Medicine

BASE DE DATOS A LA CUAL PERTENECE

Scopus

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

IDIOMA

Inglés 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

Enrique A. Hernandez-Bustamante

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Efecto del consumo de Physalis peruviana en la glucemia de adultos jóvenes con sobrepeso y obesidad

Efecto del consumo de Physalis peruviana en la glucemia de adultos jóvenes con sobrepeso y obesidad

jueves, mayo 09, 2024

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Physalis peruviana, también conocida como aguaymanto, uchuva o golden berry, es una planta originaria de los Andes Peruanos a la que se le ha atribuido la capacidad de reducir la glucemia.

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del consumo de Physalis peruviana sobre la glucemia en adultos jóvenes años con sobrepeso u obesidad.

Materiales y Métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental pre- y postest con una muestra de 28 adultos jóvenes entre 18-26 años divididos aleatoriamente en 2 grupos: control sin enmascaramiento y experimental. La edad promedio fue 21,6 años y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) 28,7. Se tomaron muestras de sangre en ayunas antes del estudio y semanalmente durante 21 días; paralelamente se administraron 50 g diarios de frutos enteros de P. peruviana al grupo experimental. Ambos grupos adoptaron una dieta hipoglúcida estandarizada y se realizó la evaluación de medias con la prueba t de Student.

Resultados: en la medición basal no se hallaron diferencias significativas (p=0,563) en los niveles de glucemia entre los dos grupos. No se encontraron diferencias en el peso o el IMC en el transcurso de las tres semanas. Al final del estudio la glucemia disminuyó tanto en el grupo experimental como en el grupo control (12,5 y 16,1 mg/dL, respectivamente), sin diferencia significativa (p=0,141).

Conclusiones: la inclusión del consumo de frutos enteros de P. peruviana no ejerció un mayor efecto hipoglucemiante al finalizar las tres semanas de tratamiento.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

IATREIA

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Experimental

IDIOMA

Español 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

Victor Ludeña-Meléndez, Paula Ishikawa-Arias, Cristhian Guevara-Coronel

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