Empowering cancer prevention with AI: unlocking new frontiers in prediction, diagnosis, and intervention

Empowering cancer prevention with AI: unlocking new frontiers in prediction, diagnosis, and intervention

viernes, diciembre 13, 2024

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence is rapidly changing our world at an exponential rate and its transformative power has extensively reached important sectors like healthcare. In the fight against cancer, AI proved to be a novel and powerful tool, offering new hope for prevention and early detection. In this review, we will comprehensively explore the medical applications of AI, including early cancer detection through pathological and imaging analysis, risk stratification, patient triage, and the development of personalized prevention approaches. However, despite the successful impact AI has contributed to, we will also discuss the myriad of challenges that we have faced so far toward optimal AI implementation. There are problems when it comes to the best way in which we can use AI systemically. Having the correct data that can be understood easily must remain one of the most significant concerns in all its uses including sharing information. Another challenge that exists is how to interpret AI models because they are too complicated for people to follow through examples used in their developments which may affect trust, especially among medical professionals. Other considerations like data privacy, algorithm bias, and equitable access to AI tools have also arisen. Finally, we will evaluate possible future directions for this promising field that highlight AI's capacity to transform preventative cancer care.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Cancer Causes & Control

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Revisión sistemática 

IDIOMA

Inglés 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD  

 Luis M. Acuña-Chavez

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components according to altitude levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components according to altitude levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis

lunes, noviembre 11, 2024

ABSTRACT

Metabolic syndrome has a multifactorial origin; however, epidemiological data correspond to populations located at sea level. It has been reported that the altitude can affected the prevalence due to physiological changes. The aim of this study is to show the global prevalence of metabolic syndrome at altitude and its components. We use four databases, all studies published up to November 2023. The prevalences from studies were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. To assess sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were performed. We included 28 studies. The number of participants was 29 195. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30.3% (95% CI 22.8–38.4%). According to the altitude level, at 1500–2500 was 36.5%, 2500–3500 (21.8%), and > 3500 (30.9%), also it was higher in women (35.5%) that men (26.8%). It was observed that there is an inverse relationship between higher altitude and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Among its components, abdominal obesity and low HDL were present in more than 40.0%, while high blood pressure, high triglycerides and impaired glucose were present in less than 30.0%. We recommend that our results be considered for future research in populations living at altitude since they have different characteristics from populations at sea level.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Scientific Reports 

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

IDIOMA

Inglés 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

 Enrique A Hernandez-Bustamante

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Survival Analysis, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Cerebral Metastases in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Survival Analysis, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Cerebral Metastases in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

lunes, septiembre 02, 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. While liver metastasis is common, brain metastasis (BM) is rare, occurring in 0.1% to 14% of cases. Risk factors for BM include lung metastasis at diagnosis, rectal cancer, and mutations in RAS and KRAS genes. Due to its rarity, guidelines for BM screening and treatment are limited. The aim of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics and predictors of BM at the time of the initial diagnosis of CRC. Methods: We evaluated patients ≥18 years old with metastatic colorectal cancer and brain metastases at diagnosis from the SEER database (2010–2021). A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze overall survival and predictive factors for brain metastasis, utilizing multivariate logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards models, with p-values < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Out of 24,703 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), 228 (0.92%) had brain metastasis (BM) at diagnosis. BM was more prevalent in average-onset mCRC (≥50 years) compared to early-onset (<50 years) (1% vs. 0.55%, p = 0.004). Certain factors, such as older age and adenocarcinoma subtype, were associated with BM. Additionally, Asians/Pacific-Islanders (HR 1.83 CI: 1.01-3-33, p = 0.045) and American Indians/Alaska Natives (HR 4.79 CI 1.15–19.97, p = 0.032) had higher mortality rates, while surgical treatment and chemotherapy were linked to decreased mortality. Patients with BM had significantly worse overall survival (6 months vs. 21 months, p < 0.001). Conclusion: BM in mCRC is uncommon, but it is associated with significantly worse outcomes, including markedly reduced overall survival. Our study highlights several critical factors associated with the presence of BM, such as older age and specific racial/ethnic groups, which may inform risk stratification and early-detection strategies. Our findings emphasize the need for heightened awareness and screening for BM in high-risk mCRC patients, as well as the inclusion of these patients in clinical trials to explore tailored therapeutic approaches aimed at improving survival and quality of life.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Medical Sciences

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Análisis secundario

IDIOMA

Inglés 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

Jerry K. Benites-Meza

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Atherogenic markers and 1-year amputation risk in adults with diabetic foot in a tertiary level hospital: A retrospective cohort study

Atherogenic markers and 1-year amputation risk in adults with diabetic foot in a tertiary level hospital: A retrospective cohort study

domingo, septiembre 01, 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim To determine the association between atherogenic markers, such as total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C), triglycerides/HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-C), and triglycerides-glucose index (TyG), and the risk of 1-year amputation in adults with diabetic foot in a tertiary level hospital. Methods Retrospective cohort study conducted in 162 adult patients with diabetic foot. The outcome was amputation, defined as “primary amputation in patients' clinical history after their first hospitalization due to foot ulcer.”. The cutoff point was determined using Youden's J statistic. The relative risk (RR) was presented as an association measure. Results A TyG index of >9.4 [RR: 1.64 (1.10–2.45)] was associated with a high risk of amputation after 1-year in adults with diabetic foot. However, while a TC/HDL ratio of >4.69 [RR: 1.38 (0.94–2.03)] and a TG/HDL-C ratio > 3.57 [RR: 1.35 (0.89–2.06)] did not show associations with risk of amputation after 1-year. Conclusions Only a TyG index of >9.4 was associated with an increased risk of 1-year amputation in adults with diabetic foot. Future studies with larger samples and a longitudinal design may provide more robust evidence and a better understanding of clinical implications.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Cohorte retrospectivo

IDIOMA

Inglés 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

Jerry K. Benites-Meza, Jussara Malo-Castillo

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Asprosin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Asprosin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

domingo, julio 07, 2024

ABSTRACT

Background & aims: Asprosin is a promising candidate for novel treatments for metabolic-endocrine disorders. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to consolidate the existing evidence regarding asprosin levels in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and obesity. Methods: Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Ovid/Medline, and Web of Science were systematically searched without restrictions. We only used the standardized mean differences (SMD) with their 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) as the effect measure. A random-effects model (DerSimonian and Laird method) was used for the meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: Twenty-six studies (n = 3,787) were included in the meta-analysis. Participants with T2D had higher asprosin values than those without T2D (SMD: 1.64; 95 % CI: 1.08-2.21; I2 = 97 %). Patients with MetS had higher asprosin levels compared to those without MetS (SMD: 0.99; 95 % CI: 0.34-1.64; I2 = 96 %). Patients with obesity had higher asprosin levels than participants without obesity (SMD: 1.49; 95 % CI: 0.23-2.76; I2 = 98 %). Conclusions: Asprosin is significantly higher in patients with either T2D, MetS, or obesity, compared with controls. Keywords: Asprosin; Diabetes mellitus; Metabolic diseases; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

IDIOMA

Inglés 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

Enrique A. Hernandez-Bustamante

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Autopercepción de un método enseñanza clínica y satisfacción del estudiante de medicina de una universidad pública

Autopercepción de un método enseñanza clínica y satisfacción del estudiante de medicina de una universidad pública

domingo, junio 30, 2024

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la auto percepción del método SNAPPS y el nivel de satisfacción del estudiante de medicina de una universidad pública de Trujillo 2020 - 2021. Métodos: el trabajo descriptivo, correlacional de corte transversal, retrospectivo evaluó a 190 alumnos matriculados en los años 2020 y 2021 en el 5to año de medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo en modalidad virtual y que respondieron una encuesta mediante un formulario virtual. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 24.42 años (21-42 años). El 59.5% fueron de sexo masculino, y en su mayoría fueron hombres con el 59.5%. La dimensión del mayor nivel en la auto percepción del método SNAPPS fue en competencias, colaboración y acompañamiento virtual y recursos. Con respecto a la dimensión de satisfacción del estudiante fue media en docencia, expectativas del estudiante y calidad de la institución. Al relacionar ambas variables encontramos una fuerte asociación en las mismas. Conclusión: Existe un alto nivel de satisfacción del estudiante de medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo con relación en la auto percepción del método SNAPPS.

NOMBRE DE LA REVISTA

Revista Médica de Trujillo 

TIPO DE MANUSCRITO

Observacional descriptivo transversal

IDIOMA

Español 

AUTORES DE LA SOCIEDAD 

Fabrizio Martín García-Gutiérrez

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